EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) is a common contract models for project implementation. The terms Turnkey, Lump Sum, and Design-Built are also used for this kind of contract model.

The EPC, Turnkey and Lump Sum terms are frequently used in pharmaceutical projects. When a Construction project is a turnkey, it means that the company who is contracted to do the construction work manages the entirety of the project, from conception to completion; however projects are normally built based on the URS developed by the client not by the contractor. Sometimes part of the designing (especially conceptual design) is excluded from contractor scope. So, in these cases part of the responsibility will be out of contractor’s scope and actually the constructor builds an item to the buyer’s exact specifications.